Weather modification nuclear testing, HAARP timeline and more.

2.45GHz @ 500,000watts across several miles..

NASA Goldstone RADAR experiment from 1975.

A fully successful transmission of electricity (wireless) across several miles to a Rectenna. HAARP in Alaska is another example of a modern day Rectenna: http://rezn8d.net/2012/01/20/haarp-timeline-an-animated-history-of-ionospheric-destruction/

 NEXRAD RADAR operates in the 2-3GHz spectrum @ 750,000watts

Uploaded on Jul 22, 2010

Japanese artist Isao Hashimoto has created a beautiful, undeniably scary time-lapse map of the 2053 nuclear explosions which have taken place between 1945 and 1998, beginning with the Manhattan Project's "Trinity" test near Los Alamos and concluding with Pakistan's nuclear tests in May of 1998. This leaves out North Korea's two alleged nuclear tests in this past decade (the legitimacy of both of which is not 100% clear).

Each nation gets a blip and a flashing dot on the map whenever they detonate a nuclear weapon, with a running tally kept on the top and bottom bars of the screen. Hashimoto, who began the project in 2003, says that he created it with the goal of showing"the fear and folly of nuclear weapons." It starts really slow — if you want to see real action, skip ahead to 1962 or so — but the buildup becomes overwhelming.

HAARP Timeline – An Animated History of Ionospheric Destruction

THIS ARTICLE IS PART OF THE SERIES: THE RADIATION DATABASE: HAARP RESEARCH HQ

PLEASE READ THE BIRTH OF HAARP BEFORE PROCEEDING

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I found this excellent article on the history and evolution of upper atmosphere research and weapons of mass destruction.  The article is text only, with no links, so for your viewing pleasure, I will animate this history with pictures and links.  Anything in a block quote or in italics was added Enjoy!

“Background on the HAARP Project“

BY ROSALIE BERTELL, PH.D., GNSH,
NOVEMBER 5, 1996

Table of Contents:
Project Argus (1958)
Project Starfish (1962)
SPS: Solar Power Satellite Project (1968)
Saturn V Rocket (1975)
SPS Military Implications (1978)
Orbit Maneuvering System (1981)
Innovative Shuttle Experiments (1985)
Mighty Oaks (1986)
Desert Storm (1991)
High Frequency Active Auroral Research
Program HAARP (1993)
Poker Flat Rocket Launch (1968 to Present)
Conclusions
Further References

Military interest in space became intense during and after World War II
because of the introduction of rocket science, the companion to nuclear
technology. The early versions include the buzz bomb and guided missiles.
They were thought of as potential carriers of both nuclear and conventional
bombs.

Rocket technology and nuclear weapon technology developed simultaneously
between 1945 and 1963. During this time of intensive atmospheric nuclear
testing, explosions at various levels above and below the surface of the
earth were tried. Some of the now familiar descriptions of the earth’s
protective atmosphere, such as the existence of the Van Allen belts, were
based on information gained through stratospheric and ionospheric
experimentation.

The earth’s atmosphere consists of the troposphere, from sea level to about
16 km above the earth’s surface; the stratosphere (which contains the ozone
level) which extends from about the 16 to 48 km above the earth; and the
ionosphere which extends from 48 km to over 50,000 km above the surface of
the earth.

The earth’s protective atmosphere or “skin” extends beyond 3,200 km above
sea level to the large magnetic fields, called the Van Allen Belts, which
can capture the charged particles sprayed through the cosmos by the solar
and galactic winds. These belts were discovered in 1958 during the first
weeks of the operation of America’s first satellite, Explorer I. They
appear to contain charged particles trapped in the earth’s gravity and
magnetic fields. Primary galactic cosmic rays enter the solar system from
interstellar space, and are made up of protons with energies above 100 MeV,
extending up to astronomically high energies. They make up about 10% of the
high energy rays. Solar rays are generally of lower energy, below 20 MeV
(which is still high energy in earth terms). These high energy particles
are affected by the earth’s magnetic field and by geomagnetic latitude
(distance above or below the geomagnetic equator). The flux density of low
energy protons at the top of the atmosphere is normally greater at the
poles than at the equator. The density also varies with solar activity, a
minimum when solar flares are at a maximum.

The Van Allen belts capture charged particles (protons, electrons and alpha
particles) and these spiral along the magnetic force lines toward the polar
regions where the force lines converge. They are reflected back and forth
between the magnetic force lines near the poles. The lower Van Allen Belt
is about 7700 km above the earth’s surface, and the outer Van Allen Belt is
about 51,500 km above the surface. According to the Encyclopaedia
Britannica, the Van Allen belts are most intense along the equator, and
effectively absent over the poles. They dip to 400 km over the South
Atlantic Ocean, and are about 1,000 km high over the Central Pacific Ocean.
In the lower Van Allen Belt, the proton intensity is about 20,000 particles
with energy above 30 MeV per second per square centimetre. Electrons reach
a maximum energy of 1 MeV, and their intensity has a maximum of 100 million
per second per square centimetre. In the outer Belt, proton energy averages
only 1 MeV. For comparison, most charged particles discharged in a nuclear
explosion are range between 0.3 and 3 MeV, while diagnostic medical X-ray
has peak voltage around 0.5 MeV.

read more at HAARP

Solar Update: May 9, 2012 Magnetic Pole Shift

Solar wind
speed: 545.4 km/sec
density: 4.9 protons/cm³explanation | more dataUpdated: Today at 1635 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: M4 1232 UT May09 
24-hr: M4 1232 UT May09 
explanation | more dataUpdated: Today at: 1600 UT


TWO INCOMING CMEs: A pair of solar eruptions on May 7th hurled coronal masss ejections (CMEs) toward Earth. Forecast tracks prepared by analysts at the Goddard Space Weather Lab suggests that clouds with arrive in succession on May 9th at 13:40 UT and May 10th at 07:54 UT (+/- 7 hours). The double impact could spark moderate geomagnetic storms. High-latitude sky watchers should be alert for auroras.


Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 4 unsettled
24-hr max: Kp= 4 unsettledexplanation | more data



Updated at: 2012 May 08 2200 UTC

SPACE WEATHERNOAA Forecasts

FLARE	0-24 hr	24-48 hr
CLASS M	65 %	65 %
CLASS X	10 %	10 %

Earth's Inconstant Magnetic Field Our planet's magnetic field is in a constant state of change, say researchers who are beginning to understand how it behaves and why. Every few years, scientist Larry Newitt of the Geological Survey of Canada goes hunting. He grabs his gloves, parka, a fancy compass, hops on a plane and flies out over the Canadian arctic. Not much stirs among the scattered islands and sea ice, but Newitt's prey is there--always moving, shifting, elusive. His quarry is Earth's north magnetic pole. At the moment it's located in northern Canada, about 600 km from the nearest town: Resolute Bay, population 300, where a popular T-shirt reads "Resolute Bay isn't the end of the world, but you can see it from here." Newitt stops there for snacks and supplies--and refuge when the weather gets bad. "Which is often," he says. Right: The movement of Earth's north magnetic pole across the Canadian arctic, 1831--2001. Credit: Geological Survey of Canada. [More] Scientists have long known that the magnetic pole moves. James Ross located the pole for the first time in 1831 after an exhausting arctic journey during which his ship got stuck in the ice for four years. No one returned until the next century. In 1904, Roald Amundsen found the pole again and discovered that it had moved--at least 50 km since the days of Ross. The pole kept going during the 20th century, north at an average speed of 10 km per year, lately accelerating "to 40 km per year," says Newitt. At this rate it will exit North America and reach Siberia in a few decades. Keeping track of the north magnetic pole is Newitt's job. "We usually go out and check its location once every few years," he says. "We'll have to make more trips now that it is moving so quickly." Earth's magnetic field is changing in other ways, too: Compass needles in Africa, for instance, are drifting about 1 degree per decade. And globally the magnetic field has weakened 10% since the 19th century. When this was mentioned by researchers at a recent meeting of the American Geophysical Union, many newspapers carried the story. A typical headline: "Is Earth's magnetic field collapsing?" Probably not. As remarkable as these changes sound, "they're mild compared to what Earth's magnetic field has done in the past," says University of California professor Gary Glatzmaier. Sometimes the field completely flips. The north and the south poles swap places. Such reversals, recorded in the magnetism of ancient rocks, are unpredictable. They come at irregular intervals averaging about 300,000 years; the last one was 780,000 years ago. Are we overdue for another? No one knows. Above: Magnetic stripes around mid-ocean ridges reveal the history of Earth's magnetic field for millions of years. The study of Earth's past magnetism is called paleomagnetism. Image credit: USGS. [More] According to Glatzmaier, the ongoing 10% decline doesn't mean that a reversal is imminent. "The field is increasing or decreasing all the time," he says. "We know this from studies of the paleomagnetic record." Earth's present-day magnetic field is, in fact, much stronger than normal. The dipole moment, a measure of the intensity of the magnetic field, is now 8 x 1022 amps x m2. That's twice the million-year average of 4 x 1022 amps x m2. To understand what's happening, says Glatzmaier, we have to take a trip ... to the center of the Earth where the magnetic field is produced. At the heart of our planet lies a solid iron ball, about as hot as the surface of the sun. Researchers call it "the inner core." It's really a world within a world. The inner core is 70% as wide as the moon. It spins at its own rate, as much as 0.2o of longitude per year faster than the Earth above it, and it has its own ocean: a very deep layer of liquid iron known as "the outer core." Right: a schematic diagram of Earth's interior. The outer core is the source of the geomagnetic field. [Larger image] Earth's magnetic field comes from this ocean of iron, which is an electrically conducting fluid in constant motion. Sitting atop the hot inner core, the liquid outer core seethes and roils like water in a pan on a hot stove. The outer core also has "hurricanes"--whirlpools powered by the Coriolis forces of Earth's rotation. These complex motions generate our planet's magnetism through a process called the dynamo effect. Using the equations of magnetohydrodynamics, a branch of physics dealing with conducting fluids and magnetic fields, Glatzmaier and colleague Paul Roberts have created a supercomputer model of Earth's interior. Their software heats the inner core, stirs the metallic ocean above it, then calculates the resulting magnetic field. They run their code for hundreds of thousands of simulated years and watch what happens. What they see mimics the real Earth: The magnetic field waxes and wanes, poles drift and, occasionally, flip. Change is normal, they've learned. And no wonder. The source of the field, the outer core, is itself seething, swirling, turbulent. "It's chaotic down there," notes Glatzmaier. The changes we detect on our planet's surface are a sign of that inner chaos. They've also learned what happens during a magnetic flip. Reversals take a few thousand years to complete, and during that time--contrary to popular belief--the magnetic field does not vanish. "It just gets more complicated," says Glatzmaier. Magnetic lines of force near Earth's surface become twisted and tangled, and magnetic poles pop up in unaccustomed places. A south magnetic pole might emerge over Africa, for instance, or a north pole over Tahiti. Weird. But it's still a planetary magnetic field, and it still protects us from space radiation and solar storms. Above: Supercomputer models of Earth's magnetic field. On the left is a normal dipolar magnetic field, typical of the long years between polarity reversals. On the right is the sort of complicated magnetic field Earth has during the upheaval of a reversal. [More] And, as a bonus, Tahiti could be a great place to see the Northern Lights. In such a time, Larry Newitt's job would be different. Instead of shivering in Resolute Bay, he could enjoy the warm South Pacific, hopping from island to island, hunting for magnetic poles while auroras danced overhead. Sometimes, maybe, a little change can be a good thing. source: http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/29dec_magneticfield.html Articles - Albert Einstein & 2012 Polar Shift by 2012?  New Evidence and Theory Suggests Einstein May Have Been Right By Carl Peterson Science has long speculated that the earth's center rotates at a different speed from the crust. The big question really has been "What holds the earth's crust in equilibrium with the center?" Visionary writer and inventor Carl Peterson may have discovered the answer. In looking for the reasons "magnetic north" lies far from the North Pole, Peterson has stumbled upon a scientific explanation that also fits with past polar shifts; and offers probable causes, timing, and local effects of the next shift. His theory complements and completes a Charles Hapgood theory endorsed by Albert Einstein, in which the poles, aided by massive ice build up, are eventually thrown by centrifugal force to the equator. If the center rotates at a different speed from the crust, there is good reason to believe that this is the cause for the static electricity apparent on the earth's surface. If that is true, then North Pole on the crust must have an opposite magnetic charge from north in the earth's core. source: http://www.december212012.com/articles/Albert-Einstein/Polar-Shift-by-2012.htm Are the Earth's poles shifting in 2012? by Nicholas Gerbis Pole shift refers to a geological phenomena in which the Earth's outermost layers move together as one piece. Image © HowStuffWorks.com Some say the world will end in fire; some say ice. Lately, screenwriters and apocalypse enthusiasts have preferred natural cataclysms as their world-killers. As for when the end will arrive, those folks who claim to be in the know have an affinity for stamping 2012 as the Earth's sell-by date. Why 2012? The answer traces back to true believers' interpretations (and reinterpretations) of Nostradamus, Edgar Cayce and various other ambiguous and nonscientific sources. Some armchair eschatologists have narrowed the expiration date further, to Dec. 21, 2012 -- when, they argue, the Mayan Long Count calendar ends its 5,125-year cycle. However, experts agree that the Mayans themselves did not believe that the world would end on this date, so feel free to buy green bananas on Dec. 19, 2012 [source:MacDonald]. The lack of scientific evidence for the coming apocalypse hasn't deterred believers from trotting out scientific theories to serve as evidence of imminent mass destruction. One of the most remarkable ideas they've chosen to flog is the pole shifthypothesis, in which the Earth's crust and mantle (or outermost layers) move as one piece. Pole shift might send the poles sliding toward the equator, swing North America poleward or produce any arrangement that might result from turning a globe in your hands. People have been batting around some version of the pole shift hypothesis since at least the mid-19th century and, although many of the scientific questions it attempted to answer have since been addressed by plate tectonics, it's rooted solidly in physics. Plate tectonics and pole shifts interact and are governed by the same forces, but pole shifts, in which the outer shell of the world moves as one piece, produce very different results than plate tectonics, in which pieces of the Earth's crust bump, grind and slide -- opening seas, building mountain ranges and rearranging continents. If a large pole shift could happen suddenly, the redistribution of land and water it caused would be nothing short of cataclysmic. In the short term, it would mean earthquakes, strange weather patterns, massive tsunamis capable of drowning parts of continents, and possibly gaps in the planet's magnetic field -- our shield against harmful cosmic rays. In the long term, the redistribution of land and water in the tropics, subtropics and poles would fundamentally alter ocean currents and the heat balance of the Earth, resulting in widespread climatological shifts. Ice caps might melt and reform elsewhere, or remain melted, driving sea levels down or up. All of which returns us to the question: Could such a catastrophic shift occur, and if so, will it happen in 2012? We'll tell you next -- if the world doesn't end before you click to the next page. source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/2012-earths-poles-shifting.htm