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Showing posts with label economic crisis. Show all posts
Showing posts with label economic crisis. Show all posts

Tuesday, March 26, 2013

European Economic Crisis & Cyprus


Europe's Disturbing Precedent in the Cyprus Bailout

March 26, 2013 | 0900 GMT
By George Friedman
Founder and Chairman
The European economic crisis has taken different forms in different places, and Cyprus is the latest country to face the prospect of financial ruin. Overextended banks in Cyprus are teetering on the brink of failure for issuing loans they cannot repay, which has prompted the tiny Mediterranean country, a member of the European Union, to turn to Brussels for help. Late Sunday, the European Union and Cypriot president announced new terms for a bailout that would provide the infusion of cash necessary to prevent bankruptcies in Cyprus' banking sector and, more important, prevent a banking panic from spreading to the rest of Europe.
What makes this crisis different from the previous bailouts for Greece, Ireland or elsewhere are the conditions Brussels has attached for its assistance. Due to circumstances unique to Cyprus, namely the questionable origin of a large chunk of the deposits in its now-stricken banking sector and that sector's small size relative to the overall European economy, the European Union, led by Germany, has taken a harder line with the country. Cyprus has few sources of capital besides its capacity as a banking shelter, so Brussels required that the country raise part of the necessary funds from its own banking sector -- possibly by seizing money from certain bank deposits and putting it toward the bailout fund. The proposal has not yet been approved, but if enacted it would undermine a formerly sacred principle of banking in most industrial nations -- the security of deposits -- setting a new and possibly destabilizing precedent in Europe.

Cyprus FlagCyprus' Dilemma

For years before the crisis, Cyprus promoted itself as an offshore financial center by creating a tax structure and banking rules that made depositing money in the country attractive to foreigners. As a result, Cyprus' financial sector grew to dwarf the rest of the Cypriot economy, accounting for about eight times the country's annual gross domestic product and employing a substantial portion of the nation's work force. A side effect of this strategy, however, was that if the financial sector experienced problems, the rest of the domestic economy would not be big enough to stabilize the banks without outside help.
Europe's economic crisis spawned precisely those sorts of problems for the Cypriot banking sector. This was not just a concern for Cyprus, though. Even though Cyprus' banking sector is tiny relative to the rest of Europe's, one Cypriot bank defaulting on what it owed other banks could put the whole European banking system in question, and the last thing the European Union needs now is a crisis of confidence in its banks.
The Cypriots were facing chaos if their banks failed because the insurance system was insufficient to cover the claims of depositors. For its part, the European Union could not risk the financial contagion. But Brussels could not simply bail out the entire banking system, both because of the precedent it would set and because the political support for a total bailout wasn't there. This was particularly the case for Germany, which would carry much of the financial burden and is preparing for elections in September 2013 before an electorate that is increasingly hostile to bailouts.
Even though the German public may oppose the bailouts, it benefits immensely from what those bailouts preserve. As I have pointed out many times, Germany is heavily dependent on exports and the European Union is critical to those exports as a free trade zone. Although Germany also imports a great deal from the rest of the bloc, a break in the free trade zone would be catastrophic for the German economy. If all imports were cut along with exports, Germany would still be devastated because what it produces and exports and what it imports are very different things. Germany could not absorb all its production and would experience massive unemployment.


Read more: Europe's Disturbing Precedent in the Cyprus Bailout | Stratfor 

Friday, April 27, 2012

Obama. What Has He Actually Done for the Economy? Redistribution Underway.

Let's look at Obama's record on the economy.  The following statements come from Obama's website...BARACK OBAMA.COM
First one...


The President is taking aggressive steps to put Americans back to work and create an economy where hard work pays and responsibility is rewarded.


This is the data from Recovery.gov. from October 2011-December 2011 AND there is nothing past this in their system...likely on purpose.

JOBS CREATED BY AWARD TYPE (OCT 1 - DEC 31, 2011)
Award TypeJobs Created
Contracts30,490
Grants163,680
Loans10,167
Total204,337
Updated: 03/14/2012
Find more here...RECOVERY.GOV
I'd say that this is likely tainted from the source, AND...why was there an update on this data in March of 2012?...  


I question the "contracts" because they could count about anything in that category.  Also, what were the grants for?  Did they actually create jobs?  Loans?  Did they create jobs?


Let's look at another source...


This is truly interesting!  This is from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.  This chart shoes data that goes from 2002 to 2012.




Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey


Series Id:           LNS11300000
Seasonally Adjusted
Series title:        (Seas) Labor Force Participation Rate
Labor force status:  Civilian labor force participation rate
Type of data:        Percent or rate
Age:                 16 years and over



Let's look at another source...





SOURCE: DIGGING


Here is another resource...


Hiring and Firing Nationwide, Monthly Averages, January 2008-June 2011


SOURCE: GALLUP


Why is this statement part of  "The President's Record on Jobs and the Economy"?


For years before the economic crisis, middle-class security had been slipping away. Wages stagnated while health care costs soared.


The Labor Force Statistics chart shows that this above statement is false.


Also, how can he claim the following?


We’ve added back more than 4.1 million private sector jobsand seen 25 straight months of job growth—but there’s more work to do.


The following statement really baffles my mind.  Have we ever seen an actual plan?


When President Obama took office, he both addressed the immediate economic crisis and laid the foundation for a U.S. economy that’s built to last.
What has Obama actually done for the economy?  


Redistribution is under way.  If Obama has his way, you may be looking at the Atlas Shrugged effect on the United States.



Tuesday, December 6, 2011

The Little Red Hen On Government Regulation.

Once upon a time, there was a little red hen who scratched about the barnyard until she uncovered some grains of wheat.

She called her neighbors and said, "If we plant this wheat, we shall have bread to eat. Who will help me plant it?"

"Not I," said the cow.
"Not I," said the duck.
"Not I," said the pig.
"Not I," said the goose.

"Then I will," said the little red hen, and she did.

The wheat grew tall and ripened into golden grain. "Who will help me reap my wheat?" asked the little red hen.

"Not I," said the duck.
"Out of my classification," said the pig.
"I'd lose my seniority," said the cow.
"I'd lose my unemployment compensation," said the goose.

"Then I will," said the little red hen, and she did.

At last it came time to bake the bread. "Who will help me bake the bread?" asked the little red hen.

"That would be overtime for me," said the cow.
"I'd lose my welfare benefits," said the duck.
"I'm a dropout and never learned how," said the pig.
"If I'm to be the only helper, that's discrimination," said the goose.

"Then I will," said the little red hen.

She baked five loaves and held them up for her neighbors to see. They wanted some and, in fact, demanded a share.

But the little red hen said, "No, I can eat the five loaves."

"Excess profits!" cried the cow.
"Capitalist leech!" screamed the duck.
"I demand equal rights!" yelled the goose.
And the pig just grunted.

And they painted "unfair" picket signs and marched around and around the little red hen, shouting obscenities.

When the government agent came, he said to the little red hen, "You must not be greedy."

"But I earned the bread," said the little red hen.

"Exactly," said the agent. "That is the wonderful free enterprise system. Anyone in the barnyard can earn as much as he wants. But under our modern government regulations, the productive workers must divide their product with the idle."

And they lived happily ever after, including the little red hen, who smiled and clucked, "I am grateful. I am grateful."

But her neighbors wondered why she never again baked any more bread.

- Ronald Reagan November 1976

Monday, August 8, 2011

Yowza! Looking Forward To A Double-Dip Recession? Or Are We Already There?

Volatility shakes the Street
As investors get their first clear shot at repricing securities following the S&P downgrade of U.S. debt, stocks are steeply in the red. Oil also is washout, while gold hits highs. Treasurys paradoxically rise.

http://www.marketwatch.com/







Are we looking at a double-dip recession?  What do you think?

Obama seeks to calm stock market in wake of debt-rating downgrade

U.S. President Barack Obama took to the airwaves today to try to calm a stock market set in turmoil by after market analysis firm Standard & Poor’s downgraded the U.S.’s debt rating to AA+ from AAA.
Obama said that he was aware of the challenges facing the economy and the skepticism in the market about whether the country’s debt problems will be solved.
“We have always been a triple-A country and always will be,” Obama said.
He said the gridlock between Democrats and Republicans has not been constructive but that he is confident that “our problems are imminently solvable.” He proposed that Congress now start working on tax reform and modifications to programs such as Medicare to bring down the debt further. He also proposed an extension in the payroll tax cut for another year. It will take “common sense and compromise,” he said.
“My hope is that Friday’s news will give us a renewed sense of urgency,” he said.
The immediate reaction produced no uptick in the Nasdaq or the Dow.

Stocks: 'Sell first, ask questions later'

U.S. stock market
Click the chart for more market data.

NEW YORK (CNNMoney) -- U.S. stocks plunged sharply Monday, the first Wall Street reaction to the United States losing its coveted "AAA" credit rating.
All three major U.S. stock indexes were down between 3% and 4% in the first few hours of trading, adding to brutal losses last week...

The Dow Jones industrial average (INDU) sank 338 points, or 3%; the S&P 500 (SPX) lost 46 points, or 4%; and the Nasdaq Composite (COMP) had dropped 100 points, or 4%.
http://money.cnn.com/2011/08/08/markets/markets_newyork/index.htm?iref=BN1&hpt=hp_t1


CNN Poll: Economic pessimism skyrockets
mug.steinhauser
Washington (CNN) - Americans have a bad case of the economic jitters, as recent drops in the stock market have been accompanied by a sharp rise in the public's economic pessimism, according to a new national poll.
CNN Poll: Economic pessimism skyrockets
And a CNN/ORC International survey released Monday also indicates that the public is split on last week's agreement to raise the nation's debt ceiling, with more than six in ten saying the deal benefits the rich at the expense of the poor and middle class.

According to the poll, 60 percent now say that the economy is still in a downturn and getting worse. That's up 24 points from April, when a plurality believed that things had stabilized.
"Since the question was first asked in the spring of 2009, the number of Americans who said the economy was in a downturn had never been higher than 40 percent," CNN Polling Director Keating Holland said. "The jump in economic pessimism is across the board - a majority of every major demographic and political subgroup thinks the economy is in a downturn and getting worse."...




NYSE invokes rule for market open due to volatility


Mon Aug 8, 2011 9:26am EDT

 NEW YORK, Aug 8 (Reuters) - The New York Stock Exchange and
NYSE Amex Cash Markets on Monday invoked a rule to smooth
trading at the market open, as futures pointed to a drop of
more than 2 percent.
 Rule 48 allows the exchange to suspend price indications
that help determine the floor price at the open during regular
sessions. Bypassing the requirement helps speed the beginning
of trading.
 Among the triggers for invoking the rule are "substantial
activity in the futures market before the open," according to
the exchange's website.
 S&P 500 futures SPc1 fell 28.2 points and were below fair
value, a formula that evaluates pricing by taking into account
interest rates, dividends and time to expiration of the
contract. Dow Jones industrial average futures DJc1 lost 248
points and Nasdaq 100 futures NDc1 dropped 48.75 points.
  (Editing by Jeffrey Benkoe)
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/08/markets-stocks-rule-idUSWEN701720110808



Canada hits 12-month low 


Toronto’s main stock index fall to its lowest level in a year in response to downgrade of U.S. credit.




http://www.marketwatch.com/



Greek regulator bans short-selling for two months


(Reuters) - Short-selling will be banned on the Athens bourse for two months starting August 9, Greece's stock market regulator said on Monday.

The Athens bourse index closed down 6 percent on Monday, a fall nearly twice as steep as that of European peers, dropping to a new 14-year low after the U.S. credit rating downgrade late on Friday and on concerns over the impact of an upcoming bond swap on Greek banks.
"The board of the capital market commission, after considering the urgent circumstances on the Greek market, has decided to ban short selling in listed stocks on the Athens bourse," the capital market commission said.
"The ban will be implemented tomorrow August 9 and for two months."
Analysts said the move could help reduce volatility in a market hit hard by the debt crisis.
"It was a necessary decision in a very difficult environment on the Greek stock market," said Costas Boukas, head of asset management at Beta Securities. "This decision will help the market by separating 'real investors' from speculators that invest short-term," he said.



South Korea Captures Asian Market Panic


SEOUL—For a case study on the fear and confusion that coursed through Asian markets on Monday, take South Korea. In line with many other markets in the region, the main Kospi stock index was down around 3% for much of the day. Then it fell off a cliff.
In less than an hour, beginning around 12:30 p.m., prices collapsed. The index plunged as much as 7.4%, prompting Korea Exchange to halt automated trading for five minutes. The exchange lets steam out of the market on volatile days by suspending automated trading by computers and suspends all trading if the market falls 10%.


Stocks Plunge Sends VIX Soaring



The Standard & Poor's stock market crash officially began Monday, sending risk premiums sharply higher as panicked investors sought shelter in the options market.
The price of defensive put options that offset falling stock prices rose sharply as the Standard & Poor's 500 Index lost almost 4% of its value in early trading.
Foreigners expected to dump stocks worth W2.4 tril.

Dealers from the Korea Exchange Bank monitor price movements at the bank’s main office in downtown Seoul, Monday. Between Aug. 2 and 8 shares lost 302.86 points or 13.94 percent, prompting the main Seoul bourse to take an emergency break on Monday and the KOSDAQ market to halt trading for 20 minutes due to the steep plunge. / Yonhap

By Kim Da-ye

Korean shares have been falling at such a dramatic rate that the market doesn’t know when it will stop. Between Aug. 2 and 8 shares lost 302.86 points or 13.94 percent, prompting the main Seoul bourse to take an emergency break on Monday and the KOSD
AQ market to halt trading for twenty minutes due to the steep dramatic plunge.
http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2011/08/123_92397.html


Europe stocks sink; Germany’s DAX drops 5%

Mining stocks, car makers, tech companies all drop heavily


By Simon Kennedy, MarketWatch
LONDON (MarketWatch) — European stock markets ended sharply lower Monday as the first-ever downgrade of the U.S. credit rating sapped confidence in most sectors and sent Germany’s blue-chip index down 5%.

S&P Downgrades Fannie and Freddie Credit Ratings, Other Agencies Tied to U.S. Debt
Published August 08, 2011
| FoxNews.com


Standard & Poor's downgraded the credit ratings of mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Monday, expanding on its decision to downgrade U.S. debt in a market-roiling set of announcements.


Fannie Mae HeadquartersPresident Obama is expected to discuss the first-ever downgrade at 1 p.m. ET. The White House has kept mostly silent since S&P made its decision public Friday night.


As lawmakers on both sides of the aisle look to assign blame for the downgrade, S&P announced a slew of other changes Monday. Among the lowered ratings are: farm lenders; long-term U.S. government-backed debt issued by 32 banks and credit unions; and three major clearinghouses, which are used to execute trades of stocks, bonds and options.


The downgrades mirrored the AAA to AA+ ratings drop given to the U.S. government.


S&P said the agencies and banks all have debt that is exposed to economic volatility and a further downgrade of long-term U.S. debt. Their creditworthiness hinges on the U.S. government's ability to pay its own creditors.


On a volatile day for Wall Street, stocks plunged further after the announcement. The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell nearly 300 points, or 3.2 percent. The S&P 500 stock index tumbled nearly 5 percent. Investors seeking safety drove gold prices up and Treasury yields down.


...
http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/08/08/sp-downgrades-fannie-freddie-credit-ratings/



Perhaps it's time for us to use our resources for preparedness such as food storage (the kind that you would rotate and regularly use), 72 hour kits, water storage, and other types of preparedness.  With news like this today, the prices on the items we normally use are just going to increase.  Let's prepare for the worst and hope for the best!

Wednesday, June 24, 2009

Fed Evaluating Radical Economic Programs

By JEANNINE AVERSA, AP Economics Writer Jeannine Aversa, Ap Economics Writer –

WASHINGTON – With signs the economy is improving but still fragile, Federal Reserve policymakers are considering whether some programs intended to drive down rates on mortgages and other consumer debt should be slowed down.

Most economists predict that Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke and his colleagues, who resumed meeting Wednesday morning, won't launch any bold new efforts at the end of their two-day gathering.

Fears have grown on Wall Street that the Fed's radical efforts to lift the country out of the longest recession since World War II could ignite inflation later on.

"Injecting additional money into the banking system is a pretty dangerous game right now, and the Fed cannot afford to press on the accelerator amid a potentially inflationary environment," said Richard Yamarone, economist at Argus Research.

Wanting to snuff out any rise in inflation expectations, the Fed could opt to tweak its already-announced programs to slow down purchases of either government debt or mortgage-backed securities. Doing so also could help avert possible market disruptions and make it easier for the Fed to reel in these programs once the economy rebounds.

Read More From Source Here

Thursday, April 30, 2009

Get Your Two Week Supply Ready.

PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT

Community Planning for Swine Flu
April 28, 2009 6:45 PM ET

Script
Health officials are concerned about a new influenza virus of swine origin that’s spreading from person to person. Officials are acting to combat this threat, but the outbreak might grow. So be prepared.

Store a two-week supply of food and water. Have two weeks of your regular prescription drugs at home. Keep health supplies on hand, including pain relievers and cold medicines.

For more details, visit www.cdc.gov/swineflu or call 1-800-CDC-INFO.

A message from HHS.

CDC.gov
H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu)
Swine Flu website last updated April 30, 2009, 10:30 AM ET

U.S. Human Cases of H1N1 Flu Infection
(As of April 30, 2009, 10:30 AM ET)
Arizona 1
California 14
Indiana 1
Kansas 2
Massachusetts 2
Michigan 1
Nevada 1
New York 50
Ohio 1
South Carolina 10
Texas 26 cases and 1 death

TOTAL COUNTS 109 cases 1 death (someone visiting from Mexico)

...the World Health Organization raised the worldwide pandemic alert level to Phase 5 on April 29, 2009. A Phase 5 alert is a “strong signal that a pandemic is imminent and that the time to finalize the organization, communication, and implementation of the planned mitigation measures is short.”

The United States Government has declared a public health emergency...CDC’s response goals are to reduce transmission and illness severity, and provide information to help health care providers, public health officials and the public address the challenges posed by this emergency...

...CDC’s Division of the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) continues to send antiviral drugs, personal protective equipment, and respiratory protection devices to all 50 states and U.S. territories to help them respond to the outbreak. The swine influenza A (H1N1) virus is susceptible to the prescription antiviral drugs oseltamivir and zanamivir. In addition, the Federal Government and manufacturers have begun the process of developing a vaccine against this new virus.

"People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. Swine flu viruses have been reported to spread from person-to-person, but in the past, this transmission was limited and not sustained beyond three people...

In late March and early April 2009, cases of human infection with swine influenza A (H1N1) viruses were first reported in Southern California and near Guadalupe County, Texas...

No. Swine influenza viruses are not spread by food. You cannot get swine influenza from eating pork or pork products. Eating properly handled and cooked pork products is safe...

Infected people may be able to infect others beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 7 or more days after becoming sick...

CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with these swine influenza viruses. Antiviral drugs are prescription medicines (pills, liquid or an inhaler) that fight against the flu by keeping flu viruses from reproducing in your body. If you get sick, antiviral drugs can make your illness milder and make you feel better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon after getting sick (within 2 days of symptoms)...

Children, especially younger children, might potentially be contagious for longer periods...

...some viruses and bacteria can live 2 hours or longer on surfaces like cafeteria tables, doorknobs, and desks. Frequent handwashing will help you reduce the chance of getting contamination from these common surfaces...

...There is no vaccine available right now to protect against swine flu...

...Like seasonal flu, swine flu in humans can vary in severity from mild to severe. Between 2005 until January 2009, 12 human cases of swine flu were detected in the U.S. with no deaths occurring. However, swine flu infection can be serious. In September 1988, a previously healthy 32-year-old pregnant woman in Wisconsin was hospitalized for pneumonia after being infected with swine flu and died 8 days later. A swine flu outbreak in Fort Dix, New Jersey occurred in 1976 that caused more than 200 cases with serious illness in several people and one death...

...CDC’s Division of the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) continues to send antiviral drugs, personal protective equipment, and respiratory protection devices to all 50 states and U.S. territories to help them respond to the outbreak..."

Wednesday, April 29, 2009

Diversionary Tactics? Economy Worse.

Now that you have comparative data (prior post), showing that the true resistant flu is not the Swine Flu (H1N1), but instead H3N2, you may want to see the newest twist.

First, by now you may have already read or heard the we had our first "American" death from the Swine Flu. Well, while I have sympathy for anyone who loses a loved one, the toddler wasn't really "American". It happened on our soil, yes. However, the child was visiting from Mexico.

While any spread of illness is a serious issue (and I am certainly of the opinion that you should be prepared), flu illnesses are not uncommon and that includes new strains.

I still wonder why there is so much attention being paid when a simple warning could be put into place for prevention measures (i.e., washing hands which everyone should do anyway).

When you read the story below (along with the fact that $1.5 billion has been pulled off by Obama as an emergency fund even though we have strategic reserves of antivirals) you may wonder why the economy has not been touted the main story of the day...

Economy shrinks at 6.1 percent pace in 1Q

Jeannine Aversa, Ap Economics Writer
WASHINGTON – The economy shrank at a worse-than-expected 6.1 percent pace at the start of this year as sharp cutbacks by businesses and the biggest drop in U.S. exports in 40 years overwhelmed a rebound in consumer spending.

The Commerce Department's report, released Wednesday, dashed hopes that the recession's grip on the country loosened in the first quarter. Economists surveyed by Thomson Reuters expected a 5 percent annualized decline.

Instead, the economy ended up performing nearly as bad as it had in the final three months of last year when it logged the worst slide in a quarter-century, contracting at a 6.3 percent pace. Nervous consumers played a prominent role in that dismal showing as they ratcheted back spending in the face of rising unemployment, falling home values and shrinking nest eggs.

In the January-March quarter consumers came back to life, boosting their spending after two straight quarters of reductions. The 2.2 percent growth rate was the strongest in two years.

Much stronger demand for big-ticket "durable" goods, including cars, furniture and household appliances led the increase. That spending rose at a 9.4 pace, the most in a year. Consumers also boosted spending on clothing, shoes, recreation services, medical care, gasoline and other energy products. But not on food, where spending dipped slightly.

Still, the consumer rebound was swamped by heavy spending cuts in virtually every other area.

Businesses cut spending on home building, commercial construction, equipment and software, and inventories of goods. Sales of U.S. goods to foreign buyers plunged as they retrenched in the face of economic troubles in their own countries. Even the government trimmed spending. It was the first time that happened since the end of 2005.

All told, the economy logged its worst six-month performance since the late 1950s.

The sharp cuts underscore the toll the housing, credit and financial crises — the worst since the 1930s — are having on the country. The recession, which began in December 2007, has taken a big bite out of national economic activity and snatched 5.1 million jobs.

To cushion the impact of the downturn, the Federal Reserve has slashed a key bank lending rate to a record low near zero and rolled out a string of radical programs to spur lending. The Fed at the end of its two-day meeting Wednesday is expected to keep its key rate near zero and probably hold it there well into next year.

Wall Street shook off the weak gross domestic product reading as it awaited the Fed's assessment of the economy. The Dow Jones industrial average added more than 155 points in midday trading and broader indices also rose.

President Barack Obama is counting on his $787 billion stimulus of tax cuts and increased government spending on big public works projects to help bolster economic activity later this year. The administration also has put forward programs to rescue banks and curb home foreclosures — big negative forces weighing on the economy.

White House spokesman Robert Gibbs called the first-quarter's showing a "pretty severe contraction," but added that some more up-to-date signals on the economy have been more encouraging. "We continue to get, as the president said, some glimmers of hope," he said.

Even in the face of Wednesday's weaker-than-expected report, some analysts stuck to predictions that the economy would shrink less in the current April-June period — at a pace of 1 to 2.5 percent — as Obama's stimulus begins to take hold. Those analysts also continue to hope the economy would start to grow again in the final quarter of this year.

"The recession was bad in the first quarter but won't be as bad going forward," said John Silvia, chief economist at Wachovia. "I don't think this lessens the expected pattern that the economy will be entering a recovery by the end of this year."

However, the recent outbreak of the swine flu, which started out in Mexico and has spread to the United States and elsewhere, poses a new potential danger. If the flu stifles trade and forces consumers to cut back further, those negative forces would worsen the recession.

Before the flu outbreak, Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke said the recession could end this year if the government succeeds in stabilizing the shaky financial system and getting banks to lend again.

In recent weeks, Bernanke and his colleagues had cited "tentative signs" of the recession easing in some consumer spending, home building and other reports. Finance officials from the U.S. and other top economic powers meeting here last week also saw some hopeful signs for the global economy.

Fresh glimmers of hope emerged in the U.S. Tuesday. The Conference Board's Consumer Confidence Index rose far more than expected in April, jumping more than 12 points to 39.2, the highest level since November. And a housing index showed that home prices dropped sharply in February, but for the first time in 25 months the decline was not a record.

However, in the first quarter there was much weakness in those areas and others.

Spending on home building fell at a 38 percent annualized rate, the most since the second quarter of 1980. Businesses cut spending on equipment and software at a 33.8 percent pace, the most since the first quarter of 1958.

Inventory reductions shaved 2.79 percentage points off overall first-quarter economic activity. But with stockpiles slashed, any pickup in business sales would help increase production and bolster the economy in the current quarter.

Still, U.S. exports plunged at a rate of 30 percent, the biggest drop since the first quarter of 1969, reflecting the crimped appetite of struggling foreign buyers. The government also cut spending 3.9 percent, the most since the end of 1995.

Even if the recession were to end this year, the economy will remain feeble and unemployment will keep climbing, government officials and analysts say.

The Labor Department on Wednesday said that all 372 metropolitan areas tracked saw their jobless rates rise in March from a year earlier. The rate in Indiana's Elkhart-Goshen region soared to 18.8 percent, up 13 percentage points, which was the biggest gain in the country.

The national jobless rate is now at a quarter-century high of 8.5 percent and is expected to hit 10 percent by the end of this year. It will probably rise a bit higher in early 2010 before starting to slowly drift downward. Still, the Fed predicts unemployment will stay elevated into 2011, and economists don't think it will return to normal — around a 5 percent jobless rate — until 2013.

More layoffs were announced this week. Textron Inc. said it will expand layoffs, eliminating 8,300 jobs, or 20 percent, of its global work force as the recession weakens demand for corporate planes. The maker of Cessna planes, Bell helicopters and turf-maintenance equipment earlier this year said it would reduce its work force by 6,200 jobs, or 15 percent, mostly at Wichita, Kansas-based Cessna.

General Motors Corp. laid out a massive restructuring plan that includes cutting 21,000 U.S. factory jobs by next year. Clear Channel Communications Inc., the largest owner of U.S. radio stations, said it's cutting 590 jobs in its second round of mass layoffs this year amid pressure from the recession and evaporating advertising budgets. And bearings and specialty steels maker Timken Co. indicated it will cut about 4,000 more jobs by the end of this year after earlier suggesting about 3,000 jobs already had been targeted.